Watermelon

I. INTRODUCTION
The level and quality of watermelon production in Indonesia is still low. This is caused partly because of the hard ground, poor nutrients and hormones, which are not balanced fertilization, pests and plant diseases, the influence of weather / climate, and farmers' cultivation technical.
PT. Natural Nusantara seeks to help farmers in increasing the quantity and quality of production while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS
2.1. Climate
Ideal rainfall 40-50 mm / month. The entire planting area to the sun from sunrise to sink. Optimum temperature of ± 250 C. Watermelon suitable planted in the lowlands to a height of 600 m above sea level.

2.2. Media Plant
The condition is quite friable soil, rich in organic material, rather than acidic soil and garden soil / paddy fields that have been dried. Matches on sandy loam soils. Soil acidity (pH) from 6 to 6.7.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
3.1. Nurseries
3.1.1. Media Preparation Semai
- Prepare Natural GLIO: 1-2 packs Natural GLIO mixed with 25-50 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. + 1 week let stand in the shade by always keeping the humidity and the occasional stirring (reversed).
- Mix the finely ground (already sifted) 2 parts or 2 buckets (volume 10 lt), mature manure that has been finely sifted as much a part or a bucket, TSP (± 50 g) dissolved in 2 cap POC NASA, and the Natural GLIO that have been bred in the manure (1-3 kg). Insert the media in a polybag seedlings into small 8x10 cm to fill up to 90%.

3.1.2. Seed germination techniques
The seed is inserted into the fabric and then tied, then marinated in herbs: 1 quart warm water temperature 20-250C NASA POC + 1 tablespoon (soaked 8-12 hours). Seeds in the bond is taken, wrapped in newspaper and then brooded 1-2 days. If anyone is planted and germinated taken if dry add water and wrapped in cloth and then put the paper again.

3.1.3. Seeds and seedlings Seeds Maintenance
- Media seedlings watered sufficiently clean water. Seeds of selected candidates along the roots are 2-3 mm, direct sowing in polybags as deep as 1 to 1.5 cm.
- The bag is placed nursery rows to full sunlight. Given the protection of transparent plastic, one end / edge open.
- Spray POC NASA to spur the development of seedlings, is done routinely every 3-4 days. Watering 1-2 times a day. At the age of 12-14 days seedlings ready for planting.

3.2. Media Processing Plant
3.2.1. Land Opening
Piracy + 30 cm deep, crushed and flattened. Clean the area from the remnants of roots and rocks.

3.2.2. Establishment of beds
Beds 6-8 m width, minimum 20 cm bed height.

3.2.3. Liming
The use of lime per 1000 m2 at a pH of 4-5 is required 150-200 kg of ground dolomite, the pH of 5-6 is required 75-150 kg of dolomite and pH> 6 is needed as much as 50 kg of dolomite.

3.2.4. Fertilizing Basics
a. Manure 600 kg / ha, provided on the surface of the bed about a week before planting.
b. Inorganic fertilizers in the form of TSP (200 kg / ha), ZA (140 kg / ha) and KCl (130 kg / ha).
c. NASA POC Pour enough water has been mixed over the beds with 1-2 doses botol/1000 + m2. The results will be better if replaced SUPER POC NASA NASA botol/1000 dose of 1-2 m2 with:
Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor was to flush the bed.
Alternative 2: every one yells were given a volume of 10 l tablespoon pressed NASA to flush SUPER + 10-meter bed.

3.2.5. Other
Seedbed needs to weeded, watered and given a plastic mulch with a width of 110-150 cm in order to prevent water evaporation and weed growth. Above the thick dry mulch of straw covered with 2-3 cm for the propagation and the laying of watermelon fruit.

3.3. Planting techniques
3.3.1. Hole Making Plant
Performed one week before planting with a depth of 8-10 cm. Within 20-30 cm from the edge of the beds with the distance between the hole about 90-100 cm.

3.3.2. Planting Time
Planting should be early morning or late afternoon and then seedlings watered until sufficiently wet.

3.4. Plant Maintenance
3.4.1. Stitching
Should be done 3-5 days after planting.

3.4.2. Weeding
Watermelon plants just enough to have two pieces, with settings that tend to be a lot of primary branches. Maintained without cutting twigs 2-3 secondary branches. Keep weeding on a useless branch, secondary branch ends trimmed and left two leaves. Secondary branches that grow on the existing segment by interrupting the growth of cut pieces of fruit.

3.4.3. Perempelan
Do perempelan young shoots that are not useful because it affects the growth of trees / fruit growing watermelons.

3.4.4. Irrigation and Watering
Irrigation through the channels between beds or digembor with 4-6 days interval. Volume irrigation should not be exaggerated.

3.4.5. Fertilization
Time Macro Fertilizer Dose (kg / ha)
ZA TSP KCl
Aftershock I (3 days) 40-40
Leaves 4-6 strands of aftershocks II 120 85 80
Trunk 45-55 cm aftershocks III 170-30
Plants flower aftershocks IV 130-30
V Fruit aftershocks still nippy 80-30
NASA POC (per ha)
From age 1 week - 6 or 7 weeks

NASA POC sprayed into alternative crops 1: 6-7 times (1-week intervals) with 4 doses of cap bottle / tank
alternative 2: 4 times (interval 2 weeks) with a dose of 6 bottle cap / tank

3.4.6. Spraying Time HORMONIK
Spray a similar HORMONIK ZPT / natural hormones. HORMONIK Dose: 1-2 cc / lt of water or 1-2 + 3-4 HORMONIK close the lid of each tank of spray NASA POC. Spraying at the age of 21-70 days, at intervals of 7 days.

3.4.7. Other Maintenance
Choose fruit that is large enough, lies between 1.0 to 1.5 m from plant roots, good shape and not disabled. Each plant is required of candidates 1-2 pieces of fruit, the rest on the trim. Since candidates ± 2 kg of fruit is often reversed in order to avoid colors that are less well due to the inequality in the sun.

3.5. Pests and Diseases
3.5.1 Pests
a. Thrips
Small-sized slender, pale yellow-black color, has a body with jointed antennae. Modes of transmission are wandering at night, settle and breed. Control: Natural spray or PESTONA BVR.

b. Caterpillars Destroyer Leaves
Green with black stripe / green striped yellow, symptoms: leaves eaten until only a layer of wax and looks from afar like a hole. Control: Natural Vitura done spraying or PESTONA.

c. Mite
Little red beast somewhat yellowish / greenish small sucking plant fluids. The sign, visible web of animal nests is beneath the surface of leaves, foliage color will be pale. Control: Natural spray or PESTONA BVR.

d. Caterpillars Land
Berbintik-bintik/bergaris-garis black, 2-5 cm body length, actively destroying and moving at night. Attack the leaves, especially young shoots, mature caterpillar prey base of the plant. Control: (1) planting simultaneously in an area adjacent to break the life cycle of pests and moths around the nest eradication, (2) control by spraying Natural Vitura / Virexi or PESTONA.

e. Fruit Flies
The characteristics which have transparent wings with yellow spots and has a trunk. Signs of an attack: there are scars on the skin of fruit (such as puncture proboscis), smelled slightly sour fruit flesh and looks bruised. Control: cleaning up the environment, soil pests former reversed by hijacked / hoe, trapping fruit flies and spray PESTONA.

3.5.2. Disease
a. Fusarium wilt
Causes: environment / situations that allow fungi to grow (the weather is too humid). Symptoms: arise decay in plants that had been lush and fertile. Control: (1) with a rotation period of planting and maintaining the environmental conditions, planting in new areas of fallow, (2) of Natural GLIO before or at planting.

b. Leaf spots
Cause: The spores are wind-borne seeds of disease from other infected plants. Symptoms: leaf surface there are patches of yellow to brown and then eventually dry up and die, or there is a subtle colored tassels abu-abu/ungu. Control: as in Fusarium wilt disease.

c. Antraknosa
The cause: such as Fusarium wilt disease. Symptoms: The leaves look brown spots that eventually turn reddish color of the leaves and eventually die. When attacking the fruit, pink dots appear that over time more and more widespread. Control: control of diseases such as Fusarium wilt.

d. Rot Semai
Attack on the seeds being sown. Symptoms: brown stems of seedlings, vines and then fall down dead. Control: Natural GLIO provision in the media prior to seeding seedlings.

e. Rotten Fruit
Causes: fungal / bacterial pathogens that infect the fruit before ripe and active after the fruit began to be picked. Control: avoid skin damage and prevent the occurrence of fruit, either during transport or storage, fruit picking done at the time of day is not cloudy / rainy.

f. Leaf rust
The cause: a virus carried by pest plants that grow on plant leaves. Symptoms: blistered leaves, mottled, tend to be deformed, stunted plants and longitudinal cracks occur on the trunk. Control: same as Fusarium wilt disease.
Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides can be used not cope with chemical pesticides. In order for the spraying of chemical pesticides can be uneven and not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810 + with a dose of 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.

3.6. Harvest
3.6.1.Ciri and Harvest
Age harvested after 70-100 days after planting. Characteristics: fruit color changes, and stem the fruit begins to diminish then the fruit can be picked (harvested).

3.6.2.Cara Harvest
Fruit picking should be done when the weather is sunny so the fruit in dry conditions the surface of the skin, and hold for the penyimpananan or the hands of retailers. Cut watermelon should be done along the stems.