Grape

INTRODUCTION
Production of grapes (Vitis sp.) In Indonesia is not yet optimal. PT. Natural Nusantara working to increase the production of wine in quantity, quality and environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3) to compete in the free market era.

GROWING CONDITIONS
25-300 m altitude above sea level, temperature 25-310 C, 75-80% air humidity, radiation intensity 50% - 80%, 3-4 dry months, rainfall 800 mm / year and the soil pH 6-7. Type of soil: clay and sandy clay (alluvial and grumosol).

LAND PREPARATION
1. Clean land, hoe / plow until crumbly.
2. Liming acid soils at a dose of 5 tons / ha.
3. Create channels of irrigation water intake and discharge
4. Make the planting hole 60x60x50 cm / 75x75x70 cm, spacing 3 x 3 m / 5 x 4 m, keringanginkan + 2-4 weeks, fill in the topsoil down to the bottom of the hole.
5. Mix the top soil: manure (20-40 +): sand ratio of 1:1:2 and Natural GLIO + 5-10 grams / hole and fill to the top of the hole.

SEED PREPARATION
Seedlings ready for planting age from 1.5 to 2 months, 5-10 cm roots, growing up healthy, sprouted two. Needs seed spacing 3 x 3 cm 890 stems / ha, spacing of 5 x 4 cm by 500 stems / ha. A month before planting, seedlings selected wines adapted around the land

PLANTING
Planting time at the end of the rainy season (April-June). Sprinkle seeds DNG NASA POC (1-2 ttp/10 lt of water) + 1 week before planting. Give temporary shelter. NASA POC ttp/tangki/10 Spray 1-2 days until the age + 3 months after planting.

Irrigation
Watering young plants 1-2 times a day and adults 3 days. Three weeks before the cut, irrigation was stopped and the water 2-3 days after pruning is given back. After fertilization and irrigation was stopped before picking fruit.

Weeding and PENDANGIRAN
Land kept clean of weeds and tilling the soil (Pendangiran) is done once a month to the field by the clean and crumbly.

Fertilization
Fertilizing the soil evenly distributed and mixed in a circle as far as 25 cm from the trunk and then closed and irrigated or by way of fertilizer pengocoran
Fertilization based on plant age, namely:
a. Young plants up to age 6 months (per tree)

No
Age of Plant
The type and dose of fertilizer
Per tree

1
10 days - 3 months, 10 days interval
Urea 7.5 grams or 10 grams ZA, whenever fertilization

2
> 3-6 months, 15 days interval
ZA Urea 15 g or 20 g each time of fertilization

3
Every 1 month
NASA SUPER 1-2 tablespoons (s.m.) / 10 liters of water


b. Plant Age 6 months to 1 year (per tree)
No
Age of Plant
The type and dose of fertilizer
Per Tree

1
> 6 months
Stack of 30 kg or 1-2 SUPER NASA s.m. and Urea 22.5 g or 30 g ZA

2
9 months
SUPER NASA s.m. 1-2 and 33.75 grams of urea or
ZA 45 gr

3
12 months
Stack of 60 kg or 1-2 SUPER NASA s.m. and Urea 50 g or 60 g ZA

Note:
- Giving SUPERNASA dikocorkan.
- It would be optimal spraying NASA POC (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per tank.

Fruitful Productive Plants (over 4 years)
Fertilizing three times a year (April, August, December). Dose of 600 g each time of fertilizer Urea + TSP + 300 g + 375 g KCl SUPER NASA sdm/10 1-2 lt / tree

MAKING propagation
Keep making propagation model:
1. The model-its, the pole-mounted according to the spacing of wine with a height of 2 to 3.5 m and fitted loft in the form of woven wire or bamboo or wood, wicker eye distance of + 40 cm.
2. Model Fence / Kniffin, made-shaped fence. The distance between poles 3-5 m and height of 150-200 cm, connect with a wire that is placed horizontally as much as 2-3 parallelogram. The first wire at the bottom located 60 cm from ground level, and within 70 cm above the wire.
3. Model shrubs, trees or wood in the form of regular, then the top is installed where a buffer along the 2 m wide and 2 m.
Performed prior to installation of plant propagation trimmed and shaped.

Tree trimming and FORMATION
1. When trimming the exact age of 1 year.
2. Try each tree had a main trunk, primary branches, secondary and tertiary.
3. Cut the stems of plants as high loft, so it grows new shoots (primary branch).
4. Two weeks branches that grow lengthwise approximately 1 meter immediately trimmed at the edges in order to grow new shoots (secondary branch).
5. Secondary branches are pruned long and 1 meter point to tumbun growth of new shoots (tertiary branches).
6. Tertiary branch that produces fruit.
7. Characteristics ready trimmed branches, the tip of shoots easily broken, and if trimmed dripping, brown branches.
8. Note the visual characteristics of trimmed buds, vegetative buds and generative blunt tapered shape.
9. Way of pruning grapes, namely:
10. Prune short, reserving 1-2 eye
11. Prune being, reserving 3-6 eye
12. Prune long, leaving 7 or more eye

MANAGEMENT OF FLOWERS AND FRUIT
- Crop fertilization carried out two stages of a year ie in March-April and July-August and performed at a tertiary branches which have been aged a year
- Branches are thriving and reserving 4-10 trimmed buds, branches that are less fertile leave 1-3 buds
- Branches / twigs and arranged the rest of the cuts were spread evenly across the surface of the loft, then tied to the right and left with a rope.
- Spray with HORMONIK dose of 1-2 per tank lid after pruned once every 7-10 days
- Maintain three panicle flowers and cut each sprout new shoots that grow on the flower to the fruit will be formed
- Jarangkan dompolan fruit at 50% - 60%, ie the time for seed sour fruit size by taking grains of the fruit that is located coincident, long-stemmed, abnormal, damaged with a small sterile scissors.
- If the rainy season, pairs of white plastic on the roof rack and pack the fruit with plastic or paper bags of cement

PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
A. Pest
- Lice Phylloxera (Phylloxera vitifoliae), sucking fluid roots and leaves. Symptoms: didaun formed small boils and swells like a wart root, resulting in stunted growth, withered and the fruit a bit. Control: Cut and burn affected plants, spray or PESTONA Natural BVR

- Red Mite (Tetranychus sp.), Yellow blotches on the leaves and turn black, resulting in stunted and the fruit is reduced. Control; spray Natural BVR or PESTONA

- Caterpillars bags (Mahasena corbetti), take the upper leaf surface, small holes occur on the leaves. Control: Prune and cut the weight and burn infected plants and then spray with PESTONA + NASA POC

- Leaf Beetles (Apogonia destructor), take or damage the leaves, then make small holes on the leaf surface. Control: pairs of light trap and destroy, spray PESTONA

- Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera sp.), Attacking the leaves until the broken and hollow. Control: Spray with Natural VITURA

- Moth grapes (Paralobesia viteana or Grape Berry Moth), the larvae eat the flowers and fruit are still the old valve and so the fruit is not normal. Control: Remove fruit fall and burn, spray PESTONA no later than 14 days before harvest
Other pests such as termites, rats, birds, squirrels and bats. Control: sanitation garden, wrap the fruit, and attach the trap to block pest

B. Disease
- Flour Fake (Downy mildew), mushrooms Plasmopora viticola, attacked the young stems, vines, fruit stalk and fruit items. Control; reduce moisture garden (trimmed), cut and destroy infected plants, attach the shade, Natural GLIO + sugar.

- Truffles Flour (Powder mildew), Uncinula Necator fungi, attacking all stages of growth. The leaves curl upward and form abnormal covered flour until slightly darker gray, brown stem pain. Control: Spray Natural GLIO + sugar.

- Leaf spots (Cercospora and Alternaria Vitis viticola), arising out patches of brown and black spots so that the buds and leaves dry and fall off. Control: Sanitation gardens, reducing the moisture farm, cut and destroy infected leaves, spray with Natural GLIO

- Leaf Rust, mold Physopella ampelopsidis, there is an orange powder on the undersides of leaves and on the upper side of leaves are yellowish green patches and the entire surface covered with a layer of flour so the leaves dry and fall off. Control: Prune sick leaves and spray with Natural GLIO + sugar

- Black Rot (Black Rot), the fungus Guignardia bidwelli, small patches of white on the color of the fruit is almost ripe with brown edges, then settles rotten fruit and black mengeriput like "mummy". Control: Prune the pain, reduce the moisture, wrap the fruit, sugar + Natural GLIO

- Scabies (Scab), Mushroom Elsinoe ampelina, attacking all parts of the plant. Gray spots with reddish brown edges, then flesh hardens and mangy. Control: Prune the diseased part, orchard sanitation, Natural spray GLIO + sugar

- Gray mold rot (Gray Mould Rot), Botrytis cinerea fungus, develop in the grapes before cooking. Fruit dark brown, shriveled and rotten. Control: harvest and post harvest handling is good, spray Natural GLIO + sugar.

Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides can be used have not been able to cope with chemical pesticides is recommended. In order for the spraying of chemical pesticides is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten dose AERO 810 + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) per tank

HARVEST
Harvest after the age of 1 year, and subsequent continuous fruit 1-2 times a year depending on the trim pieces.