Tobacco

INTRODUCTION
Tobacco is a commodity pretty much cultivated by farmers. To obtain optimal yields of PT. Natural Nusantara trying to help increase production in quantity, quality and sustainability (Aspects of K-3).

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Tobacco plants, the average rainfall is 2000 mm / year, a suitable temperature between 21-32 degrees C, pH between 5-6. Loose soil, crumbs, easy to bind water, a water system and a good air so as to improve drainage, altitude between 200-3000 m above sea level.

SEEDLINGS
- The number of seeds + 8-10 g / ha, depending on spacing.
- Seeds intact, no disease and no wrinkles
- Media = soil mix for seedlings (50%) + mature manure mixed with Natural GLIO (50%). Dose of fertilizer for each square meter of nursery media was 70 grams and 35 grams ZA DS and fill in polybag
- Nursery beds were given shelter in the form of leaves, roof 1 m high and 60 cm in the East side West side.
- The seeds soaked in NASA POC 5 cc per glass of warm water for 1-2 hours and then dried.
- Kecambahkan on the tray / Tampah fed straw mats of paper or cloth moistened until slightly damp. Three days later the seed was showing its roots marked with white spots. At this stage the new seeds can be sown.
- Flush the media seedling until slightly wet / damp, put the seed in a hole as deep as 0.5 cm and thin soil cover.
- Spray NASA POC (2-3 cap / tank) for nursery aged 30 and 45 days.
- Seeds can already dipindahtanamkan into the garden when 35-55 days after seedling.

PLANTING MEDIA PROCESSING
- Land disebari dose of 10-20 tons manure / ha and then plowed and left + 1 week
- Create a bed width of 40 cm and 40 cm high. The distance between beds 90-100 cm with a longitudinal direction between east and west.
- Perform liming acid soils if
- Flush SUPERNASA dose: 10-15 bottles / ha
- Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor was to flush the bed.
Alternative 2: every one yells vol 10 lt given 1 tablespoon pressed NASA to flush SUPER + 10-meter bed.
Natural Spread GLIO 1-2 sachets mixed mature 25-50 kg of manure evenly to bed

PLANTING HOLE MAKING
If desired leaves are thin and smooth the planting distance should be a meeting, about 90 x 70 cm. Madura Tobacco is planted with a distance of 60 x 50 cm planting carried out in two rows of plants every gulud. Types of tobacco folk / chopped generally planted with a spacing of 90 x 90 cm and planting is done one row of plants every gulud, and the distance between gulud 90 cm or 120 x 50 cm.

HOW TO PLANTING
Dampen and tear polybags and then buried neck deep roots of seedlings
Planting time in the morning or evening.

Stitching
Stitching done 1-3 weeks after planting, seedlings are less well repealed and replaced with new seedlings of the same age.

Weeding
Weeding can be done simultaneously with pembumbunan ie every 3 weeks.

Fertilization
Dosage depends on soil types and varieties
Fertilization time
Macro Fertilizer dose (kg / ha)

Urea / ZA
SP - 36
KCl

At Planting
-
300
-

Age 7 HST
300
-
150

Age 28 HST
300
-
150

TOTAL
600
300
300


Note: DAT = days after planting

NASA POC spraying dose 4-5 caps / tank or better NASA POC (3-4 caps) mixed HORMONIK (1-2 caps) per tank every 1-2 weeks.

Irrigation and watering
Irrigation is given seven HST = 1-2 lt water / plant, age 7-25 HST = 3-4 lt / plant, age 25-30 HST = 4 l / plant. At the age of 45 HST = 5 l / plant every 3 days. At the age of 65 HST watering was stopped, except when the weather is very dry.

Pruning
Prune axillary buds of leaves and flowers once every 3 days
Prune when flowers bloom plant shoots with 3-4 leaves below the flower
PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL

HAMA
a. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) Symptoms: the form of irregular holes and white on the bite wound. Control: Prune and burn the nest eggs and caterpillars, flooding a moment in the morning / afternoon, Natural spray VITURA

b. Caterpillars Land (Agrotis Ypsilon) Symptoms: leaf infected with holes, especially the young leaves that fall leaf stalks. Control: prune leaves the nest egg / caterpillar, flooding a moment, spray PESTONA.

c. Shoot borer caterpillars (Heliothis sp.) Symptoms: leaf buds of plants infected with holes in and out. Control: collected and destroyed eggs / worm, orchard sanitation, spray PESTONA.

d. Nematodes (Meloydogyne sp.) Symptoms: the roots of plants to look boils round, plants stunted, wilt, leaf fall and eventually die. Control: orchard sanitation, provision of early planting GLIO, PESTONA

e. Fleas - fleas (Aphis Sp, Thrips sp, Bemisia sp.) Carriers of viral diseases. Control: predatory Koksinelid, Natural BVR.

f. Other Pests digger (Gryllus mitratus), crickets (Brachytrypes portentosus), Orong-Orong (Gryllotalpa africana), geni ant (Solenopsis geminata), grasshoppers sissy (Engytarus tenuis).

Disease

a. Charred stems (damping off) Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Symptoms: stems of infected plants will dry and brown to black like a burn. Control: remove the infected plant and burn prevention, beginning with Natural GLIO.

b. Sweet potato weevils Cause: Phytophora parasitica var. nicotinae. Symptoms: arise blotches on the leaves of gray that will be expanded, on the trunk, fell ill will hang limp and then wither and die. Control: remove the infected plant and burn, spray Natural GLIO.

c. Slave leaf Cause: The fungus Cercospora nicotianae. Symptoms on the leaves are rounded patches of white to brown, the leaves are infected become brittle and tear easily. Control: seed disinfection, renggangkan spacing, intensive tillage, use clean water, fuel unloading and infected plants, spray Natural GLIO.

d. Brown spots Cause: The fungus Alternaria longipes. Symptoms: Brown spots occur, in addition to adult plant disease can also attack the plants in the nursery. Fungus also attacks stems and seeds. Control: revoke and burn the affected plants.

e. The cause of late blight: Sclerotium rolfsii bacteria. Symptoms: similar to Sweet potato weevils but decaying leaves, roots when studied enveloped by a mass of fungi. Control: remove and burn infected plants, spray Natural GLIO.

f. Virus Diseases Cause: mosaic virus (Tobacco Mosaic Virus, (TVM), Crackers (Krul), Pseudomozaik, Marble, Mosaic ketimu (Cucumber Mosaic Virus). Symptoms: plant growth becomes slower. Control: maintaining sanitary garden, plants infected in pull and burned.

Note: If the control of pests and diseases not yet cope with natural pesticides, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. In order for the spraying of chemical pesticides is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (½ cap) pertangki

HARVEST AND POST-harvest
A good tobacco leaf picking is when the leaves have been old enough and has yellowish-green color kuningan.Untuk class cigar tobacco leaves the voting process at the proper cooking / almost cooked it on the mark with a grayish color. As for the class of cigarettes at the appropriate level of maturity cook / cook once, if the market wants a smooth krosok then plucking ripe to do right. Meanwhile, when the coarse plucking want krosok extended 5-10 days of appropriate maturity level cook.
The leaves are picked from the bottom leaves upward. A good time for picking is in the evening / early morning on a sunny day. Harvesting can be done 3-5 days later, with leaf number one pick between 2-4 pieces of each plant. For each plant can be harvesting as much as 5 times.

Sort of leaves based on leaf color quality are:
a) Trash (reject): black leaf color
b) Slick (slippery / smooth): light yellow leaf color
c) Less slick (less liciin): yellow leaf color (like the color of lemon)
d) More grany side (a bit rough): a color between yellow and orange leaves.