Papaya

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Plants can be grown on high plains and 700 - 1000 masl, rainfall 1000 - 2000 mm / year, the optimum air temperature 22-26 degrees C and humidity about 40% and the wind is not too tight is very good for pollination. Soil fertile, friable, containing humus and have a lot to hold water, the ideal soil pH is neutral with a pH 6 -7.

SEEDLINGS
1. Requirements Seeds / Seed
- The seeds are used as seeds taken from fruits that has been cooked properly and comes from the tree of choice. Fruit choice in halved to take the seeds. Seeds released later washed up the skin surrounding the seed is wasted and then dried in the shade.
- The fresh seeds are used as seeds. Seedlings should not be taken from fruits that are too ripe / old and not from an old tree.

2. Seed Preparation
Needs 60 grams of seed per hectare (± 2000 plants). Seeds soaked in a solution of the NASA POC 2 cc / liter for 1-2 hours, drained and littered Natural GLIO then sown in a polybag size 20 x 15 cm. The media used is a mixture of two buckets of soil in the sieve plus a bucket of manure that has been cooked and sieved TSP plus 50 grams plus 30 grams of mashed Natural GLIO.

3. Seed Seeding Techniques
- Seeds are inserted at a depth of 1 cm and then cover with soil. Watered every day. Seed germination appears after 12-15 days. At the height of 15-20 cm or 45-60 days seedlings ready for planting.
- The seeds can be directly planted / seeded first. Seeding is done 2 or 3 months before the seedlings were transferred to a garden nursery.

4. Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding
In the nursery the seeds sown in the bolt (line) with a distance of 50-10 cm. Seeds should not be submerged in deep, deep enough seeds, ie 1 cm. With good maintenance, the seeds will grow after 3 weeks of planting. NASA POC Spray once a week dose of 2 cap / tank

5. Seed removal
The seeds are grown, around the age of 2-3 months can be moved at the beginning of the rainy season.

PLANTING MEDIA PROCESSING
1. Preparation
Land cleared of grass, shrubs and other impurities, then hoe / hijacked and digemburkan.

2. Establishment of beds
- Form-sized bed width 200-250 cm, height 20-30 cm, long enough, the distance between beds of 60 cm.
- Make a hole the size of 50 x 50 x 40 cm above the bed, with a spacing of 2 x 2.5 m.

3. Liming
If the land to be planted with papaya acidic (pH less than 5), after being given a mature manure, it should be added ± 1 kg Dolomite and allow 1-2 weeks.

4. Fertilization
Before the fertilizer, the soil will be planted with papaya must be dried one week, then cover with soil mixture of three tin manure that has been cooked or by SUPERNASA.

PLANTING TECHNIQUES
1. Preparation of Planting Holes
- Planting hole measures 60 x 60 x 40 cm, were excavated in march. Let the empty holes in order to get enough sunlight. - - After the holes have been filled with soil mixed with manure 2-3 tin. If manure is not available can be used SUPERNASA by planting kelubang poured a dose of 1 tablespoon makan/10 lt of water before planting. Hole - a hole that is covered mound convex 2-3 days left until the ground settles. After that the holes are ready for planting. The holes are made over 1-2 months of planting.
- If the seed is planted directly into the garden, then the hole - the planting hole should be dug in advance. The holes for planting the seeds must be completed ± 5 months before the rainy season.

2. Planting Method
Each hole is filled with fruit seeds 3-4. A few months later the plant will be seen that male and female or androgynous.

PLANT MAINTENANCE
1. Thinning and Stitching
Crop thinning done to obtain a female plant several trees in addition to male. This is done when the plant starts flowering.

2. Weeding
Papaya orchard gardens as well as other fruits, it requires weeding (weed removal). When and how many times have weeded the garden could not be ascertained with the firm, depending on the circumstances.

3. Pembubunan
Papaya orchard gardens as well as other fruits, require pendangiran ground. When and how many times must didangiri garden can not be ascertained with the firm, depending on the circumstances.

4. Fertilization
Papaya trees require a lot of fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer, providing nutrients that are needed and can maintain soil moisture.
Method of fertilizer application:
- Each week after planting give chemical fertilizers, ZA 50 grams, 25 grams of urea, 50 grams of TSP and 25 grams of KCl, mixed and planted in a circle.
- One month later did the second fertilization with the composition of ZA 75 grams, 35 grams of urea, 75 grams of TSP, and 40 grams of KCl
- At the age of 3-5 months to do the third fertilization ZA with the same 75 grams, 50 grams of urea, 75 gramTSP, 50 grams of KCl
- Age 6 months and 1 month onwards once fertilized with 100 grams of ZA, 60 grams of urea, 75 gramTSP, and 75 grams of KCl
- Pour SUPERNASA into the planting hole with a dose of 1 teaspoon makan/10 liters of water every 1-2 months
- Spray NASA POC dose of 3 cap / tank every 1-2 weeks after planting until the age of 2-3 months
- After 3 months of age spray with NASA POC 3-4 cap plus HORMONIK dose 1-2 cap / tank.
- Spraying of the liver - the liver at the time of flowering so as not taxable flower that blooms or more can safely be poured.

5. Irrigation and Watering
Papaya plants need sufficient water but do not hold standing water. Then the irrigation and drainage should be regulated carefully. Especially in areas with lots of rain and landless clay, then it must be made ditches. In the dry season, papaya plants should be watered frequently.

Pests and diseases
Plant lice (aphids sp., Mites). Subtle body length of 2-3 mm in green, yellow or black. Having a pair of protrusions on the back of the stomach tube, grouse and long legs. Adult fleas, there are winged and not. Damage plants by sucking the fluid with a suction pencucuk long in the mouth.
Control: Spray with Natural BVR or alternately PESTONA
The disease is often detrimental to plant papaya is a disease caused by mildew, mosaic virus, fall nursery, fruit rot, root neck, base of the stem and nematodes.
Disease die by the fungus Phytophthora flunky diisebabkan parasitica, P. palmivora and Pythium aphanidermatum. Attacking papaya fruit and stems. Means of prevention: A good lawn care, hygiene, and drainage and distribute Natural GLIO into the planting hole, while the root rot disease caused by fungus Meloidogyne incognita.
Nematodes. If the land has been planted with papaya, papaya plant is recommended not to return, to prevent nematode attack. Plants that are infected by nematodes cause leaf yellowing, wilting and death. Control: Pour into the planting hole PESTONA

HARVEST AND POST HARVEST
1. Characteristics and Harvest
Papaya plants can be harvested after 9-12 months old. Papaya fruit should be picked when the fruit was giving signs of maturity: the color of the fruit skin turning yellow. But still many farmers who pick fruit at a time not too ripe.

2. How to Harvest
Harvesting is done in various ways, generally harvest / picking is done by using the "songgo" (a bamboo at half-cone-shaped tip that is useful to keep the fruit does not fall when plucked).

3. Harvest Period
Harvesting is done every 10 days.