Jatropha (Ricinus communis)

INTRODUCTION
Jatropha in Indonesia can grow well because of the suitability of climate and soil, so it can grow uniformly as a weed. However, because the results from these plants can be processed into valuable economic products, the plant is now beginning cultivated.
PT. Natural Nusantara try to provide technical assistance so that the cultivation of this plant can produce up to the expectations you want without leaving the standards of quantity, quality, and environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Terms grow Jatropha requires water 350-500 ml of water throughout its growth.
Besides the factor of water, crop conditions this distance requires a temperature of 20 º -30 º C throughout his life, as well as the optimal altitude is 000-800 m above sea level. The exit of seed will be greatly reduced or minimal if the temperature reaches 40 º C or more.

LAND PREPARATION
Selection of land to be used for cultivation of Jatropha is usually choose the less productive land or less irrigation, and this is usually in marginal areas / critical, because jatropha is not too requires special conditions, as well as other shrubs. Tilling the standard is making the planting hole with size 30 cm x 30cm x 30cm and a spacing between rows of 2-4 meters and the distance in rows 1-2 feet depending on the selected varieties. Preparation of land that can also do is clean of weed, especially the roots of weeds that produce alelopati / compound inhibiting growth of other plants.

SEEDLINGS
Castor beans can be planted 2-3 seeds perlubang grains directly in the field and then select the best plants to be cultivated growth. Maintenance is done by spraying the young plants with 2-3 doses NASA POC cap per tank once a week in the morning.

TYPES OF DISTANCE
There are many types of distance that can grow in our homeland, among others:
A. Distance Kepyar / Japan (ricinus communis).
This type of behavior in the world market known as the castor oil plant. This type of fruit once a year (annuals), with the characteristics of young fruit is green and turns brown when old. Weakly spiny fruit such as rambutan. The seeds contain a toxic Glycoprotein and people often call it ricin.

B. Jatropha / China (Jatropha curcas)
This type of fruiting continuous (annual). This type is the recommended planting distance, namely:
- Asembagus 22: The oil content of 55-57%
- Asembagus 60: 48-52% oil content
- Asembagus 81: 51-54% oil content

The composition of the seed consists of 20% leather and 80% grain (meat), containing 40-60% oil. Crude oil content 32-48% and the rest is waste.

MAINTENANCE
The important note is that this distance has the properties of the plant was not particularly fond of water so that excess water (submerged) would prejudice the growth of plants, but if the heat lasts up to 3-4 months need occasional watering is done to prevent death from drought.
Do weeding if the crop began to fail either part of the growth in competition against the light and the roots of nutrient absorption.

Fertilization
For good growth given the basic fertilizer is manure in addition to inorganic fertilizer at planting time.
Type of Fertilizer dose (kg / ha) Time Fertilization
Urea 50 When planting
SP-36 75 At planting
KCl 50 2 weeks after planting
Urea 100 1 month after planting


Note: does not apply absolute / varies for each - each region.

It would be better plus SUPERNASA or POWER NUTRITION dose of 1 bottle to ± 200 plants. One bottle POWER NUTRITION SUPERNASA or diluted in 2-liter (2000 ml) of water used as mother liquor. Then every 1 liter of water was given 10 ml of mother liquor was for watering perpohon.
Spraying with doses of 3-4 caps NASA POC + HORMONIK dose 1 cap per tank every once a month is recommended to improve the quantity and quality.

PEST CONTROL DISEASE
Plant spacing was rarely attacked by pests or diseases, but it could be attacked if it did not clean the soil conditions or there are shrubs that can be temporary hosts for certain pests. Integrated pest management is to maintain the cleanliness of land is a preventative measure that is most easily done before the pest becomes uncontrollable and harmful.
Pests that may attack the plant spacing is a kind of white lice. Spacing plants often grow wild so that white lice often make temporary host. To prevent use PESTONA and pentane + AERO 810 alternately.
Besides white lice, the distance may also be attacked by caterpillars that attack the leaves, which can be prevented by PESTONA and pentane + AERO 810 PESTONA Spray with pentane + AERO 810 and in turn to prevention, once a week is sprayed evenly on top and below the leaf blade.
As a precaution against diseases caused by fungi, preferably before the plant is spread a pack of Natural GLIO plus 25-30 kg and aged manure a week.

Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides have not been overcome, as a last alternative could be to use chemical pesticides are recommended. In order to spray more evenly and not easily lost by rainwater add AERO 810 dose of 0.5 bottles per tank cap

THE HARVEST
Flowering period occurs after about 60-70 days old plants and fruits began to be harvested after approximately 100-110 days old plants, which usually falls in the summer of August to October. Late harvested fruit will be bouncy and scattered so it is advisable to be completely harvested on time. Production can be achieved about 1-3 tons / ha.

UTILIZATION OF RESULTS
During the Japanese castor oil lubricant oil is processed into weapons that are reliable, because it is very thick, Weight type ± 0.96 and very difficult to dissolve, so it is easily distinguished from other oils. Most of the production is used as lubricating oil for machines that spin fast; one of the benefits of castor oil is that he does not drip, does not leave residual fuels and does not dissolve in gasoline; properties of great significance in aviation purposes and has given her a place permanent addition to mineral oils that have been urged despite considerable power lubricants
Additionally Distance ricinus seeds are rich in lipase enzyme that can break down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerin-free. Fatty acids can be used by the candle factory, and after neutralized with soda or potassium carbonate (potash), resulting in hard or soft soap.

In companies batik, castor oil also play a role in the coloration of cotton cloth that will be colored with Noni. Even lately with the increase in fuel prices began planting jatropha for a large-scale alternative to fossil fuels combined with reforestation of critical land package so that it can have a positive for the economy and the sustainability of land across the archipelago.