Potato

INTRODUCTION
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is the main source of carbohydrates, thus becoming an important commodity. PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL working to improve the national potato production in quantity, quality and equipment based on environmental sustainability (Aspect 3K).

GROWTH CONDITIONS
2.1. Climate
Average rainfall is 1500 mm / year, long irradiation 9-10 hours / day, optimum temperature 18-21 ° C, humidity 80-90% and an altitude between 1000-3000 m above sea level.

2.2. Media Plant
Crumb structure, friable, contain lots of organic matter, well drained and have a deep topsoil and pH between 5.8 to 7.0.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
3.1. Nurseries
- Seed tubers derived from the production of tubers weighing 30-50 grams, aged 150-180 days, is not disabled, and superior varieties. Choose a medium-sized tubers, have 3-5 buds and only until the fourth generation only. After bud + 2 cm, ready to be planted.
- When buying seeds (try a certified seed), weighing between 30-45 grams with 3-5 buds. Planting can be done without / with cleavage. Cutting tubers into 2-4 pieces performed by the existing buds. Before planting bulbs soaked first using NASA POC for 1-3 hours (2-4 cc / lt of water).

3.2. Media Processing Plant
Land plowed 30-40 cm deep and let stand for 2 weeks before made beds with a width of 70 cm (1 plant lines) / 140 cm (2 lines of plants), 30 cm high and make sewer water as deep as 50 cm wide and 50 cm.
Natural GLIO who have first grown in manure + a week, spread evenly on the bed (dosage: 1-2 packs Natural GLIO mixed fertilizer kandang/1000 50-100 kg m2).

3.3. Planting techniques
3.3.1. Fertilizing Basics
a. Inorganic fertilizers in the form of urea (200 kg / ha), SP 36 (200 kg / ha), and KCl (75 kg / ha).
b. Pour fertilizer NASA POC that has been mixed in enough water evenly over the beds, a dose of 1-2 vials / 1000 m². Results would be great if you use SUPER NASA by:
alternative 1: 1 bottle of Super Nasa diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor was to flush the bed.
alternative 2: every one yells vol 10 lt given 1 tablespoon of Super Nasa pressed to flush the 10-meter bed.
Watering NASA POC / SUPER NASA conducted prior to manure.
c. Give manure 5-6 tons / ha (mixed bed or on land given to the planting hole) one week before planting,

3.3.2. Planting Method
The distance depends on plant varieties, 80 cm x 40 cm or 70 x 30 cm with a seed needs + 1300-1700 kg / ha (30-45 g tuber weight). Planting time at the end of the rainy season (April-June).

3.4. Plant Maintenance
3.4.1. Stitching
Replanting to replace plants that do not grow / growing ugly done 15 days since grown.

3.4.2. Weeding
Weeding done at least twice during the 2-3 days before planting / fertilizing along with follow-up and tilling.

3.4.3. Pruning Flowers
At flowering varieties of potatoes which should be pruned to prevent disruption of tuber formation process, because the seizure of nutrients occurs.

3.4.4. Fertilization Following on
a. Fertilizer Macro
Urea / ZA: 21 days after planting (dap) 300 kg / ha and 45 HST 150 kg / ha.
SP-36: 21 HST 250 kg / ha.
KCl: 21 HST 150 kg / ha and 45 HST 75 kg / ha.
Fertilizer macro given the distance of 10 cm from the stems of plants.
b. NASA POC: from the age of 1 week s / d 10 or 11 weeks.
Alternative I: 8-10 times (1-week intervals with a dose of 4 caps / tank or 1 bottle (500 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.
Alternative II: 5-6 times (interval 2 mingu once with a dose of 6 caps / tank or 1.5 bottles (750 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.
c. HORMONIK: NASA POC spraying would be optimal if mixed HORMONIK (dose of 1-2 cap / tank or 2-3 + bottle / drum 200 liters of water).

3.4.5. Irrigation
Watering once a regular basis 7 days with the yells, Power Sprayer or ditches to irrigate the area with moist (about 15-20 minutes).

3.5. Pests and Diseases
3.5.1. Pest
Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)
Symptoms: caterpillars attack the leaves until the leaves are depleted. Control: (1) cut the leaves that have been plastered with eggs, (2) spraying Vitura Natural and environmental sanitation.

Aphids (Aphis sp)
Symptoms: aphids suck the fluids and infected plants, can also transmit the virus. Control: cut and burn infected leaves and spraying PESTONA or BVR.

Orong-Orong (Gryllotalpa Sp)
Symptoms: attack the bulbs in the garden, roots, young shoots and young plants. As a result, plants become susceptible to bacterial infections. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.

Root borer (Phtorimae poerculella Zael)
Symptoms: dark red leaves and looks like a tangle of gray yarn which is a caterpillar wrapping material. Bulbs are attacked when cut open, visible holes because some bulbs had been eaten. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.

Pest trip (Thrips tabaci)
Symptoms: the leaves have patches of white, changed to silver-gray and dry. The attack started from the ends of young leaves. Control: (1) cut the leaves that fell ill, (2) using PESTONA or BVR.

3.5.2. Disease
Late blight
Cause: The fungus Phytopthora infestans. Symptoms: small patches occur in green-gray and slightly moist until the color changed to brown to black with white edges of the sporangium and leaf rot / die. Control: sanitation garden. Prevention by use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.

Bacterial wilt disease
Cause: the bacteria Pseudomonas solanacearum. Symptoms: young leaves on shoots of some plants wilt and old leaves, leaf yellowing bottom. Control: orchard sanitation, crop rotation. Prevention by use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.

Tuber rot disease
Cause: The fungus Colleotrichum coccodes. Symptoms: The leaves turn yellow and curl, then withered and dry. Parts of plants that are in the ground there are patches of brown. Infection will lead to rotten roots and young tubers. Control: crop rotation, sanitation, gardens and the use of good seed. Prevention by use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting

Fusarium Disease
Cause: The fungus Fusarium sp. Symptoms: tuber rot that causes plants to wilt. This disease also attacks the potatoes in the warehouse. Infection through wounds caused by nematodes / mechanical factors. Control: avoid injury during the weeding and pendangiran. Prevention by use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.

Dry spots disease (Early Blight)
Cause: The fungus Alternaria solani. Fungi live disisa diseased plants and thrive in dry areas. Symptoms: Small leaves are scattered irregularly mottled, dark brown color, extends to the young leaves. Tuber skin surface irregular mottled dark, dry, wrinkled and hard. Control: crop rotation. Prevention: Natural GLIO before / early planting

Diseases due to viruses
Viruses that attack are: (1) Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) causes leaf curl, (2) Potato virus X (PVX) causes latent mosaic on leaves, (3) Potato Virus Y (PVY) causes mosaic or local necrosis; ( 4) Potato Virus A (PVA) causes mosaic software, (5) Potato virus M (PVM) causes mosaic rolled, (6) Potato Virus S (PVS) causing mosaic limp. Symptoms: in the attack, plants grow stunted, straight and pale with kecil-kecil/tidak tuber yield at all; leaf yellowing and tissue death. The spread of viruses carried by farm equipment, aphids Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii and Myzus persicae, and Coccinella Epilachna beetles and nematodes. Control: no pesticides to control the virus, prevention and control is done by planting virus-free seeds, cleaning equipment, cut and burn diseased plants, vector control with PESTONA or BVR and do crop rotation.

Note: If the pest and disease control by using natural pesticides can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. In order for the spraying of chemical pesticides is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.

3.6. Harvest
Age harvest in potato crop ranged from 90-180 days, depending on the varieties of plants. Physically able to plant potatoes are harvested when the leaves have a yellowish color that is not caused by disease; stems of plants have yellowish (slightly dry) and the tuber skin will very closely with the tuber flesh, the skin does not flake off quickly when rubbed with a finger.