Ginseng

I. INTRODUCTION
Trend 'back to nature' in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food and soft drinks, have spurred an increase in demand for ginseng. The high demand needs to be balanced with crop cultivation technologies that meet the aspects of K-3 (Quantity, Quality and Sustainability) as was applied to PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL.

II. GROWING CONDITIONS
- Preferred in open fields. Loose soil, high organic matter content, good aeration and drainage.
- Acidity (pH) of soil from 5.5 to 7.2.
- Rainfall 1000 - 2500 mm / yr.
- Temperature range 20 º C - 33 º C.
- Humidity 70% - 90%.
- Elevation range from 0-1600 asl.

III. SOIL TREATMENT
- Prepare Natural GLIO (10 packs / ha) mixed mature manure (25-50 kg / pack). Store in an open bag for 1-2 weeks.
- Spread dolomite / limestone agricultural (2-4 tons / ha) on land that is still open at least 2 weeks before planting.
- Plow and harrow immediately after dolomite disseminated. Let stand about 1 week.
- Create a raised bed stretching east-west direction, wide beds 100-120 cm, 40-60 cm high. The distance between beds 40-50 cm. Let stand about 1 week.
- Create a moat surrounding the field width 40-50 cm, 50-60 cm depth.
- After 1 week, gemburkan surface of the bed to taste.
- Natural Spread the mixture evenly GLIO and manure on the soil surface.
- Add cooked manure 20-40 tons / ha evenly on the surface of the bed. If no manure, the use of POP SUPERNASA, NASA POC and HORMONIK can replace it.
- Prepare POP SUPERNASA mother liquor (1 bottle / 3 liter of water), stir until dissolved. POP dose SUPERNASA 5 bottles / ha if the use of manure according to recommended doses or 10 bottles / ha if not use manure. From the mother liquor POP SUPERNASA 3000 cc or 3-liter, taken 200-300 cc mixed with 0.25 kg of NPK compound and dissolved or diluted in 50 liters of water.
- From 50 liters of the pour on the surface of the seedbed, the way he yells use 10 liters / ± 8 m long beds. Or 200-300 cc / planting hole.
- Sprinkle a mixture of Natural GLIO and manure evenly over the surface of the beds. Or in each planting hole.

IV. SEEDLINGS AND PLANTING
- Preferred to use seed from stem cuttings.
- Use healthy parent plants, indicated no symptoms of pests and diseases, age is not too young and too old, fresh and not wilted, bright / shiny.
- Seeds of cuttings rested / stored in damp places during the 2-4 days.
- Before planting, the base of the seedling is cut tilted ± 45 ° using a sharp knife and clean.
- Base of seeds soaked 20-30 minutes in a solution of the NASA POC (1-2 ttp) + HORMONIK (0.5 to 1 ttp) + Natural GLIO 1-2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water.
- Seeds dikeringanginkan ± 1-2 hours.
- Planting is done late afternoon, spacing of 50 x 60 cm or 60 x 70 cm.

V. PLANT MAINTENANCE
Sprinkling
The provision of water should not be excessive or deficiency. Ages 0-21 dap (days after planting) be watered every day to taste. Since the age of ± 100 HST watering is reduced or stopped.

Stitching
If needed, up to 15 HST.

Fertilization aftershocks:
Pengocoran fertilizer solution: 0.25 kg NPK compound + 50 liters of water. Give 200-300 cc / planting hole once every 2 weeks until the age of 100 HST.
Spraying fertilizers through the leaves was performed 1 week to 100 HST, use 3-5 caps 1-2 + NASA POC HORMONIK lid in the tank 14 or 17 liters.

Weeding, and pembumbunan pendangiran
Conducted simultaneously every 2 weeks, especially at the age of 14-65 HST.

Perempelan I
At 20 dap left main stem 2-3. Perempelan next is perempelan axillary buds of leaves once every 2 weeks until the age of 65 HST.

VI. PLANT PEST AND DISEASE
4.1. Pest
4.1.1. Snails
Usually active at night, and need to be aware of its existence. Control by means collected and destroyed.

4.1.2. Caterpillar
Many types of worms that attack the caterpillars, especially ginseng grayak (Spodoptera sp.), Leaf roller caterpillar (Lamprosema sp.), And other types of caterpillars. Control by turning off the caterpillars, spray or PESTONA Vitura and final alternative to chemical insecticides.

4.1.3. Uret / Lundi
These pests attack the roots even to plant bulbs so that over time can wilt and eventually die. At the time of planting can be sprinkled around the plants a granular insecticide

4.2. Disease
4.2.1. Neck Stem Rot Disease
The cause fungus Phytium sp. or Sclerotium sp. Usually at the beginning of planting ginseng decay caused by excessive soil moisture. Neck stem or base of the stems appear gray or brownish, soft wetness and curved inward. This fungus can spread to the tubers, over time the leaves look wilted. Control by way of drainage arrangements, the garden is muddy and not humid. Since the beginning before planting using Natural GLIO.

4.2.2. Root Rot Disease
The cause fungus Phythopthora sp. Symptoms are initially green leaf turns yellow. Gradually spread and cause death. When the plants were removed in the base of the bulb / stem looks white feathers which later turned into a round-circle and finally become dark brown to black. Control using Natural GLIO before planting, keep the soil moisture and final alternative to the systemic fungicide

4.2.3. Wilt disease
Could be caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. or Pseudomonas sp. But mostly caused by the fungus Fusarium. At first the leaves turn yellow bone, then spread to the leaf stalks and leaves eventually wither. Control by Natural GLIO spread before planting and dip the cuttings before planting in a mixed Natural GLIO NASA POC.

VII. HARVEST
- Ginseng Plants harvested age 4-5 months depending on the growth and tuber circumstances. Characteristics; originally green stems turn red, the leaves turn yellow and begin to fall, flowering and seed, tubers when didangir is large enough (above 1 cm diameter).
- Harvesting in the morning when conditions are sunny, no rain and leaves no longer dewy, dry soil.
- Bulbs are harvested at once by using a fork to menggemburkan soil surface.
- Before the bulbs removed and the base of plant stems trimmed and leaves separated from stems. Revocation of tubers must be careful not to break up the tuber and left in the soil. Bulbs that have been revoked cleaned and brought into the shade for sorting.